معلومات مهمة عن التحاليل الطبية

1/ Complete Blood Count) C.B.C
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ complète NFS
ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ (ﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ)..ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺪﻡ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ…
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ:
R.B.C ﺃﻭErythrocytes ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ GR/ globules rouges
W.B.C ﺃﻭ Leukocytes ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ GB/ globules blanc
plaquettes ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﻪ
Hgb ﺃﻭ Hb ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ Hémoglobines
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..ﻧﺰﻳﻒ..ﻋﺪﻭﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ‌
ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﻪ..
2/ E.S.R (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ vitesse de sédimentation ;ﻭﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺏ VS
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ..ﺍﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻪ..ﻭﺍﻻ‌ﻟﺖﻫﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﻪ, ﻭﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﻠﻴﻪ..
3/ BT (Bleeding Time)
ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ TP
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺠﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﻴﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻠﻂ.. ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺧﺬ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﺨﺜﺮ..ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻴﺪ..
ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﻪ..ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻒ..
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻲ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻄﺎﺕ..ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺠﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺳﻨﺎ..
4/ -Glycémie ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻠﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ 0.60ﺍﻟﻰ 1.10.
5/ -Creatinine ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺗﻨﻴﻦ
ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ.
6/ -acide urique ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺱ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻙ la goutte .
7/ -uricémie ﻳﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ
ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻰ ﻭﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ hypoglycémie ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ.
8/ -cholesterol ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ
-*HDL ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﻪ (ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ)
-*LDL ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ (ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺊ).
9/ TG=triglycerides
ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ‌ﺛﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ..
10/ Proteines: ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ
*Albumine ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﻴﻦ
*Globuline ﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻮﻟﻴﻦ.
11/ Bilirubine ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ
ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ..ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﻪ..
12/ Fer ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ
ﻗﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
TTSF ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻪ
ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ
13/ Ferritine ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼ‌ﺕ
ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﻓﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
14/ Calcium ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ
ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ..
15/ Magnesium ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺴﻴﻮﻡ
ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ..
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼ‌ﺕ ﻭﺍﻻ‌ﻋﺼﺎﺏ
16/ Phosphorémie ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ
ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﻮﺭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻈﺎﻡ..
ﻭﻳﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻬﺎﻝ ..ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻼ‌ﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﺭ.
17/ Sodium ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ
ﺍﻣﻼ‌ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﻪ ﻟﻠﺪﻡ..
ﻭﻳﻘﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻕ..
18/ Potassium ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ
ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼ‌ﺕ ﻭﺍﻻ‌ﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ..
ﻭﻳﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺊ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ..
19/ Chloride ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ
ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺊ..
20/ PH
ﺍﻻ‌ﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﻡ ﻟﻮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺣﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﻱ ;ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ‌ﻝ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻ‌ﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻱ.
21/ Enzymes ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ
ASAT = Aspartate Amino Transférase = TGO
ﺍﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻪ..ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻ‌ﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ..
ALAT = Alanine Amino Transférase = TGP
ﺍﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻪ..ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻ‌ﻋﻀﺎﺀ..
LDH= lactate Dehydrogenase
ﺍﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ,ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ,ﺍﻟﻚﻟﻴﻪ,ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ, ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻ‌ﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﻱ..
CK= Creatine kinase
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻫﻲ CPK=cratine phospho kinase
ﺍﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﻓﻘﻂ..ﻭﻟﻮ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻟﻬﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ
Lipase
ﺍﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎﺱ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
22/ Hormones ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ
ﺃﻭﻻ‌::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ:
Thyroxine ﺍﻭ T4Triiodothyronine ﺍﻭ T3
Free Thyroxine ﺍﻭ Free T4
ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ
ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻤﻮﻝ
TSH
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻻ‌ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ
ﻷ‌ﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﻣﻠﻪ,,ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻄﻪ
Calcitonine
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺍ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﺔ
ﻭﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺋﻪ
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ-ﺩﺭﻗﻴﻪ:
Parathyroid Hormone ﺍﻭ PTH
ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ..
ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻏﻨﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ..
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ-ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻪ:
Catecholamines
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ..
Vanillylmandelic Acid /VMA
ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻈﺮﻳﻪ..ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ..
Cortisol
ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺭﺗﻴﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﻭﻭﻭﻭﻭﺭ..ﻱﺯﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﻪ
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Aldosterone
ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ::ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﻪ:
Testosterone
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭﻩ
Oestradiol (E2)
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ..ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﻪ..
Progestrone
ﻳﻔﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ..ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺤﺮﺽ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺟﺴﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻻ‌ﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ..
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻮﻳﺔ..ﻭﺳﻼ‌ﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (BHCG) <<<ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ
ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﻪ:
Growth Hormone (GH)
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ
Prolactin (PRL)
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ..
ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ:
Insuline
ﺍﻻ‌ﻧﺴﻮﻟﻴﻦ
ﻳﺤﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻭﻳﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻼ‌ﻳﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ..
Glucagon
ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﺎﺟﻮﻥ
ﻳﻔﻜﻚ ﺍﻟﺠﻼ‌ﻳﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
.ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ
ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻪ:
Renine
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﺢ
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
Erythropoietine
ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ..
ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ..
ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﻱ
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻝ PCR …..ﻭﻫﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼ‌ﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﻰC
ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮHIV ﻭﻫﺪﺍ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻳﺪﺱ ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ
ﻣﻼ‌ﺣﻈﺔ : ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﻲ
– ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ émie ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : proteinémie – calcémie
ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
– ﺍﻣ ﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ urie ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ(urée)
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : proteinurie – calciurie
ﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ